What Percent Of The World Is Polluted – Localize the Effects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under an Uncertain Future: A Case Study in the Western Cape, South Africa.
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What Percent Of The World Is Polluted
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Chart: Majority Supports Global Rules To End Plastic Pollution
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Received: 11 January 2021 / Updated: 7 February 2021 / Accepted: 23 February 2021 / Published: 28 February 2021
What Air Pollution In South Korea Can Teach The World About Misinformation
Environmental pollution has a major impact on human health, the environment and economic development. This paper presents recent research on the severity of environmental pollution in developing countries. Its remedial measures were based on a questionnaire survey in polluted areas, which collected data and information about the types, causes, effects, sources, and duration of environmental pollution, found in existing publications and information from newspapers reported in recent years. A total of 400 respondents from 10 areas of Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, were interviewed as a structured questionnaire survey. The results revealed that only 39.0% of the respondents have clear knowledge about environmental pollution. Air pollution was identified by 73.8%, noise pollution by 63.0%, water pollution by 55.2%, and soil pollution by only 6.5% of respondents in their neighborhood. Cars, household chores, municipal waste, and car horns are major sources of environmental pollution. About 49.0% of the respondents did not understand the effectiveness of the environmental programs currently being implemented. A discussion on the urgency of setting up a local environmental status committee, an active role for the media, and monitoring development activities was brought up.
Environmental pollution is a burning issue for many developing nations in the world [1]. Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, which are developing economies, have the highest exposure to particulate matter among the 10 most populous countries in the world. in width [2]. Environmental degradation, such as air, water, land and noise pollution, is harmful to human health, the environment and economic development [3]. Rapid industrialization in developing countries has led to the release of many types of toxic waste directly into the soil, air and water [4]. Pollution affects the GDP growth of developing countries such as Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Laos, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, and Zambia, at national and local levels [5]. These communities have severe infections every year, causing illness, death and disability in millions of people, as their economy is highly dependent on natural resources [6]. More than half of premature deaths worldwide occur due to high air pollution in South Asian countries, especially India, China, Bangladesh, Nepal, etc. [7]. Located in a developing country, Dhaka, the capital and largest city of Bangladesh, is one of the most polluted cities in the country and the third most polluted city in the world [8, 9]. . Rapid urbanization and uncontrolled population growth cause poor management of urban services and deterioration of overall environmental quality [10]. More than 7 million people live in Dhaka, with a density of 49,182 people per sq. etc. in a total area of 143 sq. etc. [11]. The rapid increase in urban growth and the great demands for urban services, waste disposal, transportation, public services, etc., are causing great pressure on the environment [12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. Unplanned construction of roads, railways, flyovers, and buildings causes air pollution by mixing road dust and soil dust in the atmosphere [17]. Highly polluted air slows down the city’s economic growth and causes serious health problems [18]. The list was prepared by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, which ranked Dhaka as the fourth most polluted city with the lowest air quality in the world with a quality index of 195 [19 ]. According to the World Air Quality Report 2019, Dhaka has the second highest annual PM
) in air [20]. City rivers are becoming polluted due to industrial and domestic activities, sewage, pharmaceutical waste, municipal waste, discharge of toxic chemicals, etc. [21]. The issue of land pollution is not properly recognized and ignored in various policy documents. In addition, noise pollution negatively affects the urban environment and poses a serious health risk to city residents [22].
People do not have enough knowledge about the causes and effects of environmental problems. However, some educational institutions have been created to improve the environmental management of Bangladesh [23]. People’s perceptions of the environment and their actions against environmental pollution, and the potential health risks associated with pollution, are not given attention in that country [24]. It is important to know people’s attitudes towards environmental pollution to understand the actions they take towards the environment [25]. Furthermore, we need to understand environmental psychology to create effective environmental policies. In addition, local people can highlight their daily experiences with the severity of environmental pollution [26]. People’s knowledge and past experiences about environmental issues greatly affect their attitudes, perceptions, and awareness building [27]. In that situation, local knowledge can be useful to create pressure on environmentalists to find new ways to improve environmental conditions to help policymakers make decisions by coordinating with experts and scientists [26] . Effective and encouraging public responses to environmental pollution issues can reduce environmental problems [28]. Therefore, according to the above discussion, Dhaka City, Bangladesh, has been selected as a study area in a developing country to represent the views and opinions of citizens on the types, causes, effects, sources and duration of environmental pollution and provide with suggestions for pollution reduction. This research is very important for policy making and environmental use. Many researchers have investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of polluted air, water and soil to measure the extent of environmental pollution. Researchers also know the different types, causes, effects and duration of environmental pollution. To date, very few or no studies have reported the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of citizens towards general environmental pollution. In this study, primary data on environmental pollution were collected through a small scale survey in the study area. A total of 400 respondents were selected through convenience sampling, looking at gender, age group, religion, marital status, education level, occupation, economic status and life span. Demographic characteristics, causes of environmental pollution, and the impact of sources of pollution, such as sources of water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution, and possible measures are discussed of correction.
Coronavirus Lockdown Results In 30 Percent Air Pollution Drop In Northeastern Us, Nasa Says
Dhaka is one of the oldest and most prominent cities in South Asia [29], and is the capital of Bangladesh, with an area of 1528 km.
[12, 30]. It is located in the central part of Bangladesh and is located in the lower reaches of the Ganges River, between latitude 23°35′ N–23°54′ N and longitudes 90°19′ E–90°30′ E (Figure 1) . The extension of the city is bounded by the Buriganga River in the south, the Turag River in the west, and the Balu River in the east [13, 31]. The landscape of the city is generally flat with little undulations, and is close to sea level [12, 32].The study area enjoys exceptional conditions for many residents of the country’s urban setting. This city has 37% of the total urban population of the country, which is higher than the total of the next three largest cities of Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi [33]. The urban population is growing at an estimated rate of 4.2% annually through urban and suburban migration [34], as the city is an attractive source of job opportunities for millions of poor rural people in Bangladesh [ 32, 33, 35]. Every year, millions of poor people (who are too uneducated to find work in urban areas) move from rural areas to Dhaka City in search of work [36]. The city’s economy is based on the informal sector [37], which provides jobs to many people, and contributes to 36% of the country’s GDP and creates 31.8% of the country’s total employment [38] . Furthermore, Bangladesh earns a large amount of foreign exchange from the Ready-Made Garments (RMGs) sector, as 80% of
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