How Poverty Affects Health Care – Low-income youth are at increased risk for physical and mental illnesses that can lead to long-term health and socioeconomic impacts, a UCLA study has found.
The study, published in Health Affairs, a health policy journal, measured children’s vulnerability to health development when they started kindergarten, said Neil Halfon, director of the UCLA Center for Healthy Children, Families and Communities and co-author of the study. .
How Poverty Affects Health Care
The study found that children in low-income neighborhoods are at increased risk for adverse health effects, including chronic disease, diabetes and depression.
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Black children are the most vulnerable to potential physical and mental health problems, followed by Latino children, white children, then Asian children, Halfon said.
Halfon said the study found that black children with the highest income levels were at equal or greater risk than Asian children living in low-income neighborhoods.
Efren Aguilar, who directs geographic information systems at CHCFC and co-authored the paper, said the disparities between racial groups are due to inequities within the health system.
“The United States still suffers from significant persistent and high racial health disparities rooted in complex historical and social and structural factors,” Aguilar said.
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Halfon said they collected data by asking kindergarten teachers to measure their vulnerability, to examine how ready their students are to start school.
Aguilar said the test looked at physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language cognitive development and general knowledge communication.
Although early childhood development is recognized as a key factor in long-term health, Halfon said there is not much data on children before third grade.
“Despite this revolution about the importance of the early years, children in the early years are basically invisible,” Halfon said.
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The study hopes to provide communities with information they can use to take steps to improve their quality of life, such as providing preschool and child care support, Halfon added.
Kuo said parents with fixed incomes have less stress at home, allowing them to spend more time with their children. However, parents working multiple jobs to make ends meet may not have enough time to help the child in school or pay for extracurricular activities, which can negatively affect child development, she added.
Potential long-term effects of poor development include incomplete education, lower lifetime earnings, higher interactions with law enforcement, drug abuse and domestic violence, Kuo said. These effects can create a cycle of poverty that passes through each generation, she added.
“It’s not because they drop out (of high school), it’s because of the factors that cause kids to drop out of high school, which puts them at risk for all these other challenges,” Kuo said.
Poverty And Child Health
Although other countries have funded similar projects that collect data on early childhood development, CHCFC has been unable to conduct a nationwide study because of a lack of federal funding for the project, Aguilar said.
Aguilar said he hopes the data will help plan to eliminate disparities and prevent future health problems.
“It should greatly reduce health care costs (and) include increased productivity,” Aguilar said. “And then finally reduce preventable human suffering and begin to address the consequences of centuries of racial injustice that remain and remain unresolved and persist.”
Iyer is the current science and health editor and reporter for News. She is also an Illustrator and Graphics contributor. She previously contributed to Science and Health Beat. She is a third-year astrophysics student at UCLA who enjoys writing physics and astronomy research papers and drawing accompanying artwork.
Child Poverty In The United States
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Due to the distance from our school, we had to wake up at five in the morning. Sometimes we have to go to school late because we have to wait for the bathroom. But since it’s not our house, they can use the bathroom first. But at school we get lost. Because of this, it was not possible to go to rest. — Excerpt from The State of America’s Children 2014 Children’s Defense Fund 12-year-old girl experiencing homelessness.
Poor kids climb hills before they walk. From homelessness to hunger and violence, poverty places adult demands on child-sized shoulders.
Stability is very important for a child’s health and well-being. But in this article, the first in our series on homelessness in the classroom, we look at how poverty and homelessness create an unstable world for children.
The bad news is that this instability can have long-term consequences for children. The good news is that there are many adults who are dedicated to improving the lives of these children. However, before we get to the solutions (coming at the end of this series), let’s talk about the many ways poverty hurts children. Understanding the problem creates a framework for the answers.
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Homelessness for families does not always mean sleeping outdoors without shelter. In fact, the federal McKinney-Vento definition of homelessness for families includes “doubling” those families. During the 2011-2012 school year, 75 percent of American homeless children and their families found shelter with friends and family.
We laid on blankets. It felt difficult. There were little cockroaches that walked over us at night. One small one fell into my ear and it was hard to get it out. It was unpleasant because I could hear it scratching. It hurt a lot when I tried to sleep. . .
Filled with lead, mold and infestations, housing for poor families can cause significant health problems in children. Lead exposure is especially harmful to children, and if significant, lead can be toxic. This poisoning causes permanent neurobiological changes, reduced IQ and other health effects, according to groups such as the National Health Protection for the Homeless Council.
For parents relieved to find housing, I imagine watching the roof over your head cause your child to become physically ill is like watching a dream turn into a nightmare.
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Unfortunately, one problem that can be an ever-expanding network of risk factors for children living in poverty is homelessness or poor health.
One young student interviewed by CBS’s 60 Minutes for their “Homeless Children: The Hard Times Generation” series said, “It’s hard. You can’t sleep … and your stomach hurts, and you think, ‘I can’t sleep. I’m trying.’ Sleep, I try and sleep, ‘but you can’t ‘hurt your stomach.’ That’s because there’s no food in it.”
In fact, homeless children are four times more likely to get sick than other children. Stressed, starved and exhausted, their young growing bodies suffer:
At a much higher rate than their peers, according to the National Center on Family Homelessness. Finally, these high rates of poor physical health can make learning difficult for students living with homelessness.
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However, hunger, poor health, homelessness (or unhealthy housing), mobility and school change are just a few of the risk factors that children living in poverty struggle with.
Like all children, their sense of security is closely tied to the strength and health of the adults around them.
Nothing is more central to a developing child’s mind and sense of security than his relationship with his primary caregiver. Chronic negligent or negligent caregiving can impair a child’s ability to develop effective self-soothing skills. In contrast, strong parenting enables children to internalize these skills and prepare them to face life’s challenges in healthy ways.
The power of strong parenting has been backed up by researchers who found that children living in an emergency shelter with a gifted mother started school with higher IQ scores and better self-control than children whose mothers were not as gifted. In other words, attentive maternal care can buffer the effects of childhood stress.
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So just as attentive maternal care can counteract stress, its absence, combined with other risk factors, can create a void in which stress overcomes the child’s delicate defenses.
It’s the children
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